How to identify Yuan blue and white

According to relevant information, there are only a few hundred Yuan blue and white records, about 200 pieces in foreign collection institutions such as Europe and the United States, all unearthed after 1969, there are 120 pieces, and the statistical Yuan blue and white collection is less than 10 pieces, but now it is said everywhere that there are Yuan blue and white for sale, and even a diameter of more than 1 meter Yuan blue and white plate, which is hard to believe. Yuan blue and white ware is rarely used in China, it is the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in order to "contact feelings" with other countries, in the special firing of "gifts", shaped similar to the Middle East gold and silver, generally sent to Turkey and Iraq, Iran and other countries of the royal family. Because the Mongolian people are nomads, "life on horseback" is suitable for gold and silver, and porcelain is considered fragile and not classy, so the royal family does not use porcelain. However, because blue and white are foreign imported materials, the price is high, so some small blue and white ordinary products are used by rich families, and ordinary people generally use white glaze porcelain. Some collectors in the market heard people say that there are Kangxi, the Republic of China imitation Yuan dynasty blue and white, believe it is true, that there is also collection value. In fact, all dynasties believe that the Yuan Dynasty did not have blue and white, until the 1960s, British scholars after a lot of investigation and historical data confirmed, the definition of "Yuan blue and white". Before that, there was nothing like what some people said, "three generations of Qing Dynasty imitation Yuan blue and white". There are only two kinds of blue and white in the concept of blue and white: the Yuan Dynasty blue and white and the imitation yuan blue and white in the 1980s. In the 1980s, some Yuan blue and white porcelain pieces were excavated, and a large number of Yuan blue and white porcelain pieces were later developed and copied by the Ceramic Research Institute, and they were generally imitation foreign court ware. At present, there are many "oversized pieces" on the market, and even dozens of pieces appear at the same time in a private museum. From the historical research of the technological level, this was impossible to manufacture in the process at that time. It is understood that many collectors can easily buy back this kind of market with only a few thousand or even a few hundred dollars. Experts said that previously caused a stir "ghost valley down the mountain" transaction price as high as 235 million yuan, if there is really a diameter of 1 meter yuan blue and white market, the price is at least nearly 1 billion, not ordinary people can use hundreds of thousands of dollars in the market can "pick up". Most collectors believe that only imperfect and dirty porcelain is authentic. Counterfeit dealers seized this psychology, deliberately made porcelain damaged, and was dubbed "self-harm" in the industry. There should have been a longer diameter, but the counterfeiters cut off the neck of the bottle and smoothed the end, giving the appearance of a finished product. The cost of this counterfeit is less than a few hundred yuan, if the artifact is intact, although the price can be opened to tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of yuan, but the buyer will be more cautious, big risk; If the objects are not intact, the price can only be opened to about 10,000 yuan, but the buyer will be more secretly pleased that he has found the opportunity to "pick up". According to relevant information records, there are only a few hundred Yuan blue and white, held in October in the international "Yuan blue and white seminar", but also exhibited more than 10 Yuan blue and white, has been amazing. The current state-owned units have no more than 10 pieces of Yuan blue and white, and the total number of cultural relics in the city has only had 3 pieces in the past 50 years, and the Yuan blue and white are rare to see. In addition, blue and white are mostly blue and white on white background, and white on blue background is rare. How to identify Yuan blue and white? To look at the shape of the bottle, pot and the like, we should look closely at its mouth, neck, shoulder, abdomen, and sole to see whether there are characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty shape, and at the same time, we should identify the fetal weight of the shape and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the shape. Yuan Dynasty bottles, cans and the like of the body is generally thicker, hard. Look at the enamel color yuan blue and white porcelain enamel white in a slight flash blue, glossy translucent, but there are also blue and white porcelain white or blue. In the middle and early Yuan Dynasty (Yanyou period), the blue and white porcelain such as bottles and POTS are coated with transparent blue and white glaze, touching the glaze like glutinous rice, sometimes the glaze shows matte wood color, close to the blue and white glaze shows light blue gray, far from the yellow brown, look closely at the blue and white glaze with thin white dots, a few body glaze can be seen on the fine shell layer, oblique light through the embryo glaze slightly shows irregular glaze silk stripes. See blue and white Yuan blue and white porcelain hair color is unstable, blue and white color halo scattered, blue and white material is divided into two kinds: one hair color is thick and bright green and lush, thick black rust spots, commonly known as "black defects", thick with hand touch blue and white glaze is uneven; The other is the domestic material, the domestic material blue and white hair color is blue and gray, and some color is blue and gray or blue and white hair color blue and flash gray. The patterns of blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty can be divided into two categories. One is the painting pattern of imported materials, which has the characteristics of dense composition, rich level and neat painting. If the plate pattern is composed of three to five layers of dense patterns, the pattern of bottles and cans is composed of three to eight layers of pattern patterns, and the pattern has the characteristics of coordination, complexity and not chaos. Another kind of blue and white painting with domestic materials, its pattern has the characteristics of smooth and bold, the pattern composition is simple, the painting is rougher, and various flower patterns are often seen. Look at the inner wall of the Yuan blue and white porcelain bottle, the inner wall of the jar is not glazed, the inner wall is sand tire, the body is generally made of segmented bonding, so the belly and the bottom often leave obvious tire contact marks. The connection between the plum bottle and the shoulder is not repaired, so it has a rough feeling. The inner wall tire marks are mostly raised tire marks ranging from 1 to 2 mm, the thickness is irregular, and the hand has a round and delicate texture. The inner wall of the bottle sand tire is slightly yellow, the inner wall sand hole and the inner wall thin small stone are obviously visible, the upper part of the abdomen is generally not repaired, the lower part of the abdomen to the bottom are more than repair tire spiral marks, the inner wall of the bottle thin sand hole is obviously visible. The strong light looks sideways at the inner wall and flashes starlight points in the sand holes, emitting bright light, also known as Yin and Yang points of light. The bottom of blue and white porcelain bottles and POTS of the Yuan Dynasty are mostly concave circle feet, the sole is wide and thick, and a small amount of the sole is inclined to the outside, and the digging foot is shallow and deep, and most are shallow feet. The circle foot of the bowl and plate type is mostly in the outer oblique shape, but whether it is the ashlar or the circle, the circle foot has a more regular and irregular feeling. It is very important to see the color and the color of the bubble yuan blue and white, the outer foot circle of the bottle and the jar generally shows the thick glaze of aqua green, and also shows the blue of the duck egg, and the glaze of the body often shows the blue, light blue, or yellowish brown and other colors. The color of blue and white porcelain bottles and POTS in the early Yuan Dynasty is obvious, and the color is changed with the dryness, humidity, temperature and season in the air to show the different colors of the glaze. In the middle and early Yuan Dynasty, there is sometimes weak sweating on the glaze of blue and white porcelain such as bottles and jars. There will be bubbles on the blue and white porcelain, white glaze and oval white glaze fired from the beginning of the Zheng years, but there will be two kinds of bubbles, small bubbles, and the glaze of Yuan blue and white porcelain is mostly dry and shiny and transparent.